by
WashingtonPost.com May 07, 2010
Driving after dark is the single most-dangerous risk a teenage driver
can take and is more likely to result in death than drinking, speeding
or disregarding a seat belt, according to a national 10-year study of
highway fatalities released Thursday.
"Everything points in the
same direction for this age group, and that is to the use of cellphones
behind the wheel," said Bernie Fette, one of the study's authors.
"Whenever you combine the nighttime danger and the cellphone danger with
inexperience, you have created a perfect storm."
That "perfect
storm" took the life of Cady Anne Reynolds, a high school sophomore
whose summer vacation had just begun in Omaha three years ago. Reynolds,
16, was driving home from a movie when her car was hit broadside by a
vehicle driven by another 16-year-old who sped through a red light at 11
p.m.
"She almost hit two other cars before she hit our
daughter," her mother, Shari Reynolds, said Wednesday. "She clearly was
distracted by something, and she hit our daughter at 50 miles per hour
without ever touching the brake."
The report, conducted by the
Texas Transportation Institute, used federal traffic fatality data from
1999 to 2008, a period in which the number of traffic deaths declined
nationwide.
Safer cars, safer highways, seat-belt laws and
drunken-driving enforcement have been linked to the drop in fatalities
-- all factors in darkness and daylight alike.
So why didn't
nighttime traffic deaths drop, too?
Among drivers 20 and older,
alcohol was a clear culprit in the proportional increase in nighttime
deaths. Not so with teenagers, among whom there was a greater increase
but no corresponding jump in deaths that could be attributed to drunken
driving.
"We have a test to see whether someone's been drinking,
but there is no test to see whether you've been on your cellphone,"
Fette said. "Because teenagers have grown up with these devices in their
hands, they feel a comfort level and a very false sense of security.
They will tell you, 'I can text with my phone still in my pocket, so I
certainly can text while I'm driving.' "
The report adds to data
amassed by U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, who has crusaded
for more than a year about the dangers of texting and cellphone use.
"A
quarter of all teens admit to texting behind the wheel and, in 2008,
the highest proportion of distracted drivers in fatal crashes were under
the age of 20," LaHood said. "Teen drivers are some of the most
vulnerable drivers on the road due to inexperience, and adding
cellphones to the mix only compounds the dangers. We're doing everything
possible to get the message out to teens that driving while talking or
texting on a cellphone is not worth the risk."
In addition to
dismissing the dangers of cellphone use, Fette said, few teenagers are
aware that nightfall magnifies the risk posed by their inexperience and
fatigue.
"More than 80 percent of teens can name alcohol as a
driving risk," Fette said, "but only 3 percent are aware that driving at
night is dangerous."
The report cites research from the National
Sleep Foundation that says the average teen needs nine hours of sleep
but gets seven.
"The resulting fatigue, especially late at night,
can contribute to impairment that is similar to being intoxicated," the
Texas Transportation Institute report says.
Data compiled by the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that the crash rate
per mile driven for 16-year-olds is almost 10 times the rate for
drivers 30 to 59. NHTSA research has also shown that teens killed at
night are less likely to be wearing seat belts. About 6,000 teenagers
die in car crashes each year.
The Texas research indicates that
nighttime driving was the No. 1 risk for fatalities among teenage
drivers, followed by speed, distractions, failure to wear a seat belt
and alcohol use.
Maryland, Virginia and the District have
graduated licensing laws that limit driving privileges until teenagers
gain experience, as do most states. The laws restrict hours for
nighttime driving and the number of passengers that a teen can have in
the car.
"If you add one kid in a car [driven by a teenager], you
double the risk of crash," Fette said. "With two kids, you triple it,
and with three kids, it goes up by a factor of six."
All of those
factors -- darkness, speed, alcohol, inexperience, lack of seat belts
and distractions -- contributed a spate of fatal teen crashes in the
Washington region to Fette's database.
Seventeen teenagers died
on area roads within a four-month period in 2004. Speeding was a factor
in eight of the crashes, failure to wear a seat belt was a factor in
seven, alcohol was involved in at least two, one vehicle carried six
passengers and inexperience was cited in five cases. Thirteen of the
accidents happened after dark.
Since their daughter died, Shari
and Rob Reynolds have campaigned for laws to counteract distracted
driving. Rob Reynolds is a founding member of FocusDriven, a group
patterned after Mothers Against Drunk Driving that wants to ban
cellphone use behind the wheel.
"We're fully aware of the problem
of nighttime driving," Shari Reynolds said. "When teens are in a group,
they exhibit more risky behavior. Being with their friends, feeling the
freedom, maybe being out a little late, and the adrenaline starts
pumping."
Learn more about Auto Insurance or get a free insurance quote for your teenager by calling 864-296-6860.
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